Article response paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Reaction paper - Article Example They likewise bring up the misinterpretation that numerous researchers have on the connection somewhere in the range of L2 and L3 obtaining; L3 isn't a continuation of L2 as they are autonomous of one another. All things considered, the creators feature the reasons why L3/Ln must be investigated autonomous of their forerunners, L1 and L2. They likewise plot the contrasts between the elements, while determining their individual and aggregate commitments to the investigation of language securing. How Article Relates To Previous Knowledge Up to until when I read the article, I was unconscious of the presence of any distinctions in language obtaining; to me, learning another dialect was a similar procedure as the kid first-language. Be that as it may, the article traces the distinctions in language procurement unmistakably. Widespread sentence structure, acquired from first language (L2), and past semantic information influence the obtaining of grown-up third language (L3). Though there are debates on the degree to which these elements influence grown-up securing, there is a general understanding that encounters with L1 and L2 decide its way and extreme achievement. The article additionally traces how youngsters gain L2 utilizing phonetic encounters from L1. Much the same as grown-ups do, youngsters structure speculations about the second language that they are required to learn. They utilize these theories to shape feelings and think of procedures and approachs that assist them with getting second dialects. The way that youngsters with L1 experience work, along these lines as grown-ups, implies that L1 obtaining is regularly alluded to as kid language incapably. This is on the grounds that it offers kids an encounter like what L2 procurement, alluded to as grown-up obtaining, offers adults. A few investigations have uncovered unexplainable qualities in L3 that were not learnt in L1 or L2. It is, hence, right to find that widespread syntax is accessible even at L3. This fortifies the contention that language procurement is age free; along these lines defaming the idea that L1 is ‘child first language’ and L2 and L3 as grown-up securing. When L2 students choose to secure new dialects, regardless of whether through coaching or normally, they become L3 students. At this level, they have more metalinguistic colleague and learning experience than at L2, expanding their capability and instructional experience. The article likewise draws out the way that tests uncover that the impacts of L1 and L2 on L3 rely upon the connections between the dialects, just as the typological closeness of the investigations. This is controlled by the degree of closeness, or contrast, between the L1 and L2 and the L3 acquisitions. For example, considers indicated that setting German as a steady L3, and English and French as option L1 and L2, L2 yielded more grounded nearness in L3, with English demonstrating a more grounded impact than French. This is desp ite English and French having next to no comparability. This is characteristic of the way that the language learnt as L2 greaterly affects L3 than that utilized at L1. Different explores likewise uncovered that regardless of the dialects, a few occasions of L1 will be moved to L2, and at times, L3; then again, L3 ingests a few highlights of L2 just as L1. Three Concise Excerpts from Article I. †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦it is to a great extent acknowledged that some degree of move gets and essentially modifies the way and extreme achievement capability of grown-up acquisition†

Internation Economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Internation Economic - Essay Example 4.The United states has encountered a Balance of installment Trade shortfall since 1982. You are an individual from the Council of financial counsels to President and you job is to exhort the President, who is worried about the rising EURO and the Trade Deficit, on how he can diminish or address the Trade shortfall react to the Euro. What activities would you suggest and why? The US exchange deficiency shows that the nation is bringing in more than its fares. Any demonstration of adjusting the exchange shortfall through expanded fares that coordinate with the imports will take a very long time to yield the ideal outcomes. Probably the least demanding approaches to back out is through positive changes in the money trade rates, for example, the Euro. A rising euro implies that the United States can send out more than past levels. In that capacity, the exchange shortfall has descended since 1996 contrasted with earlier years. In this manner, it is encouraged to keep up the great varieties in money by investigating the variables that influence these trade rates and using them to serve the

How Sleep Helps the Brain Clean Itself

How Sleep Helps the Brain Clean Itself Sleep and Dreaming Print Sleeping Helps to Clean the Brain By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on October 30, 2019 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD Updated on January 04, 2020 Westend61 / Getty Images More in Psychology Sleep and Dreaming Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions The exact reason why we sleep has long been one of the greatest mysteries of modern science. Many different theories have been proposed, but the fact is that no one is entirely sure why we spend roughly a third of our lives asleep. There has been a great deal of research showing how sleep helps consolidate memories and repair the body, yet many scientists believe that these actions do not fully explain the underlying purpose of sleep, particularly from an evolutionary standpoint. Spending so much of our lives asleep and vulnerable opens us up to great danger, so many experts believe there must be a more compelling reason why we sleep. One of the top theories of sleep suggests that slumber is necessary to allow the brain to clean up and reboot from the previous day’s activities. Research in mice supports this theory. A study published in a 2013 issue of the journal Science revealed that sleep gives the brain a chance to clean itself. The study itself involved looking at the flow of fluids in the brains of mice in awake and sleep states. The researchers focused in particular on how fluids flow within the lymphatic system or the spaces between neurons. This is something like a waste disposal system, clearing out the waste products that brain cells generate when performing normal tasks. Fluid Flow Increases in Sleeping Brains However, transporting these waste materials requires a great deal of energy, and the researchers hypothesized that the brain would not be able to support these cleaning functions and process sensory information at the same time. To test this idea, the studys lead author, Lulu Xie, spent two years training mice to fall asleep on a type of microscope that would allow the researchers to observe dye moving through living tissue. After EEG activity confirmed that the mice were really asleep, a green dye was injected into their cerebrospinal fluid. A half-hour later the mice were awakened and a red dye was then injected. Through this process, the researchers were able to watch the movements of the green and red dye through the brain. What they observed was that while large amounts of cerebrospinal fluid flowed through the brain during sleep, the very little movement was observed while awake. Spaces Between Brain Cells Become Larger During Sleep So why was there such greater fluid flow during the sleeping states as opposed to the awake states? The researchers also observed that the interstitial spaces between brain cells became much larger during sleep, allowing fluid to flow more freely. These channels increased by approximately 60% during sleep. The researchers also found when certain proteins were injected into the mice, the proteins were cleared away much more quickly during sleep.   Possible Implications “These findings have significant implications for treating ‘dirty brain’ disease like Alzheimer’s,” said Maiken Nedergaard, one of the study’s authors.  â€œUnderstanding precisely how and when the brain activates the glymphatic system and clears waste is a critical first step in efforts to potentially modulate this system and make it work more efficiently.” Scientists have long known that certain neurological conditions such as dementia, Alzheimers, and stroke are all associated with sleep disturbances. According to Nedergaard, these results might suggest that lack of sleep could play a causal role in such conditions. Now that the researchers have identified this brain-cleaning process, their hope is that it will lead to further research on how the process works and the possible role it might play in neurological conditions such as Alzheimers disease. The study also once again underscores the importance of sleep. This could open a lot of debate for shift workers, who work during the nighttime,” Nedergaard told Science. You probably develop damage if you don’t get your sleep.

Hydraulic Fracking And Its Effects On The Nation Of The...

Hydraulic fracturing is either referred to as â€Å"fracking† or â€Å"hydrofracking.† It is a generally new technique for oil and gas extraction. Basically for shale gas and tight oil, including cracking of rock by a pressurized fluid. Even penetrating takes into account the infusion of very pressurized fracking liquids into shale rock layers profound inside the earth. After a well is drilled, it is cased with bond trying to guarantee groundwater security and the shale is using pressurized water broke with water, chemicals, sand and other fracking liquids. This makes new channels inside the stone from which natural gas is removed at higher than customary rates. The process of hydraulic fracturing – shooting water, sand, and chemicals at high pressure into underground wells to release natural gas – is a divisive issue: Some say it dumps chemicals into ground water supplies, others argue it causes earthquakes, and still others think it can revolutionize America’s energy industry. The most active fracking plays in the country of the United States. These are the top states in which hydraulic fracking occurs the most; New York, North Dakota, Montana, Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Colorado, Wyoming and Utah. The largest estimated U.S. oil and gas reserves are in Southern and Central California in the Monterey shale formation, though producers have faced significant challenges. The state is being targeted as the site of the next petroleum boom, and the topic of oil and gas leases in the stateShow MoreRelatedEssay Hydraulic Fracturing Must be Reformed1457 Words   |  6 Pagesacross the nation, in light of new technology making extracting natural gas much easier. A Healthy alternative to the fossil fuels we so frivolously use is now more critical than ever. In 2011, the United States used 18.83 million barrels of raw oil daily, and in 2010 19.18 million barrels of petroleum products and biofuels. In 2010 and 2011, that was nearly 22% of the world’s oil supply . (U.S Department of Energy) Previously inaccessible areas in the Marcellus Shale region of the United States, stretchingRead MoreThe Process Of Hydraulic Fracturing1387 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: The process of hydraulic fracturing can be understood at different geographic scales such as the local, national and global. In order to better understand this process, the ways in which these scales influence hydraulic fracturing need to be deeply considered. The original purpose of hydraulic fracturing was to benefit the national and local economy plus environment of the United States, but due to the large interdependencies and networks of our world today, impacts at a global scaleRead MoreFracking Is Good For American Consumers821 Words   |  4 Pageswrote â€Å"Fracking Is Good For American Consumers† he argues that fracking is good for the economy because it brought down the price of gas and saved a lot of money. Vinik cleverly argues his point that fracking saves a lot of money for the united states, he weakens his argument by using a lot of numbers and not calculating the damages caused by fracking. The outcome is an article that has all numbers but the numbers don t outweigh the amount of damage caused by fracking. First what is hydraulic frackingRead MoreHydraulic Fracking : A Short Term Solution1361 Words   |  6 PagesHydraulic Fracking: A Short-Term Solution to a Long-Term Problem Development of infrastructure and market for natural gas, a product of hydraulic fracking, has blossomed in recent years. Interestingly though, hydraulic fracturing, a process that’s been around since the early 1900s, has recently become a topic of significant controversy, especially through the expansion of large reservoirs throughout the United States, including the Barnett Shale, the Marcellus, and the Bakken. However, the unsustainableRead MoreFracking Is Not The Way836 Words   |  4 PagesTitle: Fracking is not the way Danny Vinik, a staff at new republic wrote â€Å"Fracking Is Good For American Consumers† he argues that fracking is good for the economy because it brought down the price of gas and saved a lot of money. Vinik cleverly argues his point that fracking saves a lot of money for the united states, he weakens his argument by using a lot of numbers and not calculating the damages caused by fracking. The outcome is an article that has all numbers but the numbers don t outweighRead MoreThe United States Energy Industry Essay1431 Words   |  6 PagesSo too is the lure of the future possibility of energy independence for countries both developed and developing. In the last decade, oil and natural gas development have rapidly expanded in the United States, fundamentally reshaping domestic energy production. It is abundant both within the United States and around the world. Currently, natural gas provides 22% of the U. S. energy demands. It also emits less than half of the greenhouse gas as other fossil fuels when burned and is more affordableRead MoreA Brief Note On Environmental Injustice And Fracking1341 Words   |  6 Pages October 8, 2015 Environmental Injustice and Fracking Recently, North Carolina has been conducting pilot studies to determine whether or not hydraulic fracturing should be pursued in the state’s shale beds, a topic that causes much polarized debate. Hydraulic fracturing, otherwise known as â€Å"fracking,† uses water, sand, and chemicals to release natural gas from as far as 10,000 feet below the Earth’s surface. Supporters of fracking claim that natural gas is an ideal â€Å"bridge fuel† as theRead MoreA Brief Note On Texas s Fracking Conflict1076 Words   |  5 Pages2015 Texas’s Fracking Conflict One of the issues that Texas is currently facing is rooted in a populous industry, fracking. Texas has always been known for being oil and gas friendly, but cities are becoming weary about this industry invading highly populated suburban areas. While local governments have been able to block out drilling and gas wells for some time now, the state has taken a position that is becoming increasingly supportive of the oil and gas industry. To define fracking in latent termsRead MoreThe Importance of a Secure Energy Supply for the Future826 Words   |  3 Pagesimplemented. This drilling technique is commonly known as hydraulic fracturing or fracking. Fracking is widely used in the industry, because it allows the maximum extraction of oil and gas. As of now, more than 90 percent of the natural gas mining sites in the States operates on fracking. Fracking will double the nation’s natural gas production in the next two decades. As attractive as fracking is to the energy industry, there are side effects from fracking that involve water and air contamination and otherRead MoreThe Natural Resources Of Colorado Essay1574 Words   |  7 Pagesresources. From the treasured gold and silver that helped incorporate the state into the Union, to the great Colorado River that provides millions of people throughout the west with water everyday. Yet, some of the most impactful contributors to the history and culture have been the resources of coal, oil, gas and as other energy supplies. These energy resources have provided jobs along with wealth in abundance across the state in classic boom and bust fashion. Colorado’s coal, oil and gas industries

Relationships Among The Natives And Europeans - 1070 Words

Grecia Loya United States History April 14, 2015 Relationships among the Natives and Europeans The stories regarding the Native Americans and European settlers all commence somewhat similar: the Natives welcome and help sustain the Europeans in the start. They become an instrumental piece to the European survival in the Americas. The relationship starts to change, however, as settlers grow independent. In some instances, when there is only personal gain to be acquired, the relationship becomes a simple trade relationship. In other instances, relationships between the Native Americans and Europeans evolve into a drastic feud driven by European imperialistic ideas to impose political, religious and cultural law on the Natives. England has conquered many territories and established colonies throughout history. In this English form of colonization, it is clear that there is an obvious mission to intrude into native customs and force their own. They utilize the purest form of imperialism- to strip others of their customs and replace it with ones own in order to expand glory and gai n for a nation. The English colonists seeked to expand and establish English ideas into foreign cultures. In the case with the Native Americans, the English did not see the Native Indians as equals in anyway possible. They did not acknowledge their religion, particularly because it was not Christian based, nor their law system, since it was not related to church based laws. WhereverShow MoreRelatedThe Wealth of the New World948 Words   |  4 PagesWorld The establishment of European Colonies in the New World brought forward the challenge of overcoming the diversity among the Indian society. Invading was a simpler task for European colonist compared to adapting into a new environment away from their Mother Country. A major clash of cultures, ideas, religions, and the people as well as a lack of compromise contributed to the decrease of the Indian population in the history of the United States. Through the relationship between the NortheasternRead MoreEarly Settlers and Native Americans1038 Words   |  5 PagesEarly Settlers and Native Americans The entire clash of two different cultures dates back all the way into the beginning of the early European arrival. All the different countries in Europe were all trying to find there own place in the new world by claiming the land for their country. The English were among one of the first Europeans to arrive in the new world; and establish the first permanent settlement called Jamestown. The English later extended their settlements along the Atlantic coast,Read MoreNative Americans And The United States1443 Words   |  6 Pagesquality of oppression, but not the length of this type of treatment. The Native Americans have been the most oppressed group of people ever in the United States, and even in the colonies that preceded the US. From the early 16th century until even today, the Native Americans were and are being oppressed in this country. The cause was because of colonization. The Europeans colonization of what is now America led the Natives to despair and destruction. Before Christopher Columbus came to the AmericasRead More Native Peoples in New England Essay example1579 Words   |  7 Pages Native American history spans tens of thousands of thousands of years and two continents. It is a multifaceted story of dynamic cultures that in turn spawned intricate economic relationships and complex political alliances. Through it all, the relationship of First Peoples to the land has remained a central theme. Though Native Americans of the region today known as New England share similar languages and cultures, known as Eastern Algonquian, they are not one political or social group. RatherRead MoreThe Establishment Of The Original Thirteen British Colonies871 Words   |  4 Pagesestablishment of the original thirteen British colonies was not the first time that foreigners had reached the present-day powerhouse of a country, which is the United States of America. One example of Europeans in North America before the colonists was the French fur traders had frequently traded with the Native Americans. However, when the settlers arrived in the swamp studded marshes of James’ Town, which was the first colony, they must had been upset, as they were primarily after valuable minerals: goldRead MoreThe Discovery Of The New World1191 Words   |  5 PagesThe discovery of the New World brought many irreversible changes not only for the European countries, but to the natives of the land that was being discovered. The sense of exploration began expanding more and more among the European powers. Every time the explorers invaded, they would be more avaricious and aggressive against the natives of the land. Along with diseases and inhumane treatments, the European powers also brought education to the â€Å"uneducated† crowds of areas such as India, Africa,Read MoreNative American And Native Americans1292 Words   |  6 PagesStates, Native Americans are considered to be people whose pre-Columbian ancestors were indigenous to the lands within the nation s modern boundaries. These peoples were composed of numerous distinct tribes, bands, and ethnic groups, and many of these groups survive intact today as sovereign nations. The terms Native Americans use to refer to themselves vary regionally and generationally, with many older Native Americans self-identifying as Indians or American Indians, while younger Native AmericansRead MoreColonial Rule under European Countrie s Essay807 Words   |  4 Pagesfocus points in European colonization was to further their economic order by using abundant recourses that were found far from the home land. They looked to gain power and produce wealth. In order to reach these goals, Europeans directed cultural change among the indigenous people and justified their actions by claiming it was â€Å"God’s work†. However, with all of these changes came diverse reactions from the native people. In the beginning they were eager to build relationships, however after timeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Man Made Of Words 1518 Words   |  7 Pagesand part Native American, describes the ancient American Indian who has no regard for the well being of his land in his novel The Man Made of Words. Man cannot be like the paleolithic indian Momaday describes, but rather, he must understand the â€Å"vital link between the earth and himself, a link that implies an intricate network of rights and responsibili ties†, and also the idea that, â€Å"he has the ability to devastate and perhaps destroy his environment† (Momaday 31). For generations Native AmericansRead MoreColonial Survival, Prosperity, and Entitlement in the New World1450 Words   |  6 PagesWorld’ brought with them a fundamental belief in cultural superiority that defined the European invasion and infestation. These attitudes had a significant and long-term impact on the native cultures and provided the Europeans with justification for the position of power of which they grabbed hold. The Europeans, however, owe the Native Americans a great debt of gratitude: without the Native Americans, Europeans would have either starved or left for lack of purpose and would not have developed any

Leadership Assessment Free Essays

Leadership Assessment Leadership is defined as the process of influencing others to understand and agree about what needs to be done and how to do it, in order to accomplish what you set out to do. People often assume that anyone in a management position is a leader but I find that statement to be false. To be considered a leader, you must have very strong beliefs, and to work hard at your goal and stay focused. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Assessment or any similar topic only for you Order Now A Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is the highest ranked executive manager in a corporation and in my opinion one of the most important. A CEO can range from being the founder of a company, the owner of a business, or they have a great significance within the corporation. A CEO’s responsibility can vary depending on how involved he or she is within the corporation. Although there are many tasks at hand in which a CEO bears, such roles can include significant responsibility, accountability, and authority within the organization. CEO is also response for making sure that the vision, mission and overall direction is being followed through properly. Demonstrating these roles is vital to make sure that the organization’s mission is successful. At my previous employer, I worked for a company call Florida Light and Power (FPL) and although I only met our CEO on a few occasion his name was Armando J. Olivera, and his leadership style impacted me greatly. Mr. Olivera’s leadership style was charismatic style and he did it very well. He was always known as a person who had such an enthusiasm attitude and was always positive minded. Mr. Olivera always wanted to give back to people and teach people something new (Salisbury, 2011). His attitude made me want to come to work each day. Mr. Olivera started with the company with back in 1972 as an engineer trainee and became the CEO back in 2003. The CEO would always adhere to the standards and rules and he really set an example of how he expected his employees to act. He always projected himself in a businesslike manner, and conformed to the rules. He was never the type of person to leave early just because he was the CEO or to take holidays off while the rest of the employees worked. He personally impacted me in a positive manner when I first started. The training period is an intention training that involves several classes that included videos to watch, and during those videos Mr. Olivera was actually in the videos speaking and explaining his vision and what he expects and his story of how he started out. The story really made me look at the company differently and because Mr. Olivera was all about how to make the customer happy and the great lengths that he would endear to make sure that that happened. In order to ensure that FPL employees were always on the right path the CEO would produce training videos for team development that displayed such qualities like integrity, drive, consideration, and self confidence. The CEO always made sure that his expectation was made to be clear and the vision and mission statements were followed through properly. FPL vision statement states as followed â€Å"we will be the preferred provider of safe, reliable, cost-effective products and services that satisfy the electricity related needs of all our customer segments† (â€Å"Fpls commitment to,†). Divisional structure was the type of organization structure at FPL. Since FPL was such a large company with over 10,000 employees in the state of Florida, we operated in a wide geographic area and targeted difference areas with difference specialized groups. This was a huge advantage to our company because it helps meet more rapid demands and is able to handle a larger division. This also helped the company move into other forms of energy sources that they could provide to customers. Within the organizational structure at FPL there are levels of hierarchy that distribute the responsibility within the organization. Divisional structure at FPL allows common culture to build and contribute to a higher and better knowledge of the company and its services. (Gillikin) Ethical conduct refers to an organizations moral standards concerning the action of individual members and also the decisions of the organization as a whole. At FPL the CEO has placed this responsibility on to Human Resources to ensure that all employees were following the code of conduct and conducting themselves in the upmost professional manner; no employees including the CEO were exempted from this. As their ethical practices have become an economical benefit for the company, it also prevents disrespectful behavior, bullying between coworkers, prevention between personal phone calls at the companies expense, improper use of company equipment, and excessive sick days etc. The code of ethical conduct has greatly effected the way business is properly conducted. FPL strives to not only do the legal thing but the ethical thing as well in order to ensure our customers with satisfactorily service. FPL has a public image to obtain as they are the largest energy provider in the state of Florida. Also unethical business can not only hurt a companies reputation, but it can prevent prospective employees from choosing to work for FPL. (Vossos) There are many ways to motivate employees, and may different techniques that seem to work better than others. First off the most motivating thing in the work place is money, so offering employees bonuses for reaching a mark or being the leader in sales with a nice bonus will encourage all the employees to work harder and better for the extra money. Many large companies do this to motivate such as google and Microsoft use this technique. Another way to motivate is offer extra time off or paid time off for the employee that has preformed the best for each quarter. The third way to motivate employees would to add some perks for them while they are at work such as child daycare or pay for any food they might want or have free drink machines. These are just a few ways to make the work space more enjoyable and move appealing for employees. The Hawthorne studies in the early nineteenth century examined and studied how managers can motivate employees to work more efficiently, with quality work at the maximum rate of return. One of the areas of information derived from the Hawthorne studies was that something more than pay incentives was improving the employees’ output within work groups. Researchers found that there was improvement in the work due to the fact that employees felt important because someone was studying them at work. One of the concepts that leaders can derive from this historic discovery is that leaders must find ways to motivate and reward their employees besides the perceived rewards of being employed and having a pay incentive. (Cook) Companies today are faced with a host of issues, which may cripple their functionality, or in some extreme cases render the organizations obsolete. For example Kodak once a leader and innovator in the photo industry but they fell behind and had to file for bankruptcy. These challenges are dependent on the nature of operations of the company, these challenges face a large amount of different organizations. Technological advancements today are on the increase more than in the previous century. Technology changing creates a problem for businesses because when technology changes the company has to stay up to date with the technology so they would have to teach all there employees how to run the new programs and buying the new technology can be very costly. Another problem companies face generational gaps have created a difficulty in determining consumer behaviors, yet most companies are investing heavily in customer behavior analysis to determine the most appropriate way of matching a customers’ needs. Once again times change and so do customers taste and opinions change and businesses need to stay current with the changes if not they will end up like Kodak. A problem that we can all relate to as of lately is unstable economies and currencies are another factor causing constant instability in the running of corporations. Though this has of late been caused by other external factors such as exchange rates, amount of exports and imports and political factors. There has been a relatively high incidence of economic instability in the recent past. The national economies are recovering from a global economic meltdown today, most organizations have been negatively affected by the meltdown leading to massive layoffs. There are many more challenges that many companies and leaders encounter when managing. Diversity can help organizations compete in global markets by having a plan of other ventures that will bring new technology or and item to the market when a company has more than one option to make money successfully will make the chances of that company higher for them to succeed. or example lets look at Fuji film they diversified there company by making lcd screens and medical companies just to name a few things fuji film did to keep there companies head above water. An effective business strategy to address these challenges such as the change in technologies, generation gap, and unstable economies. The first step would be to build a good tech team that can stay on top of the technology an help keep the companies technology up to date. Then the generation gap a company hat has developed great ways to bring in new generations would be google they have done a many things to keep young talented employees to continue to come work for them for a few reasons they build a different environment that draws the new generation in. They also make the work environment more relaxing and stress free. A good way for a company to tackle this issue would be to listen to younger employees ideas and add some relaxing eliminates such as a gym, swimming pool or shona which employees could relieve stress before or after work. Then prepare for the unstable economies there is a few things that can help with this first being diversifying the companies assets look into other business ventures easier said then dont also expand the company into different economies. A company that has multiple, unrelated businesses. Unrelated businesses are those which require unique management expertise, have different end customers and produce different products or provide different services. One of the benefits  of being a diversified company  is that it buffers a company from dramatic fluctuations in any one industry sector. However, this model  is  also less likely to enable stockholders to realize significant gains or losses because it is not singularly focused on one business. Reference Cook, J. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://thinkingleader. hubpages. om/hub/How-Google-Motivates-their-Employees-with-Rewards-and-Perks FPL’s commitment to quality. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. fpl. com/about/quality/fpls_commitment_to_quality. shtml (â€Å"Fpls commitment to,† ) Salisbury, S. (2011, December 19). Fpl’s ceo to retire after 40 years; successor named. The palm beach post. (Salisbury, 2011) Gillikin, J. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://smallbusiness. chron. com/advantages-dis advantages-divisional-organizational-structure-611. html (Gillikin) Vossos, T. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. ehow. com/info_8660312_ethical-conduct-within-organization. html (Vossos) How to cite Leadership Assessment, Essay examples

Border Supply Chain In Automobile Industry †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Border Supply Chain In Automobile Industry? Answer: Introduction Globalization plays an important role in increase of International trade and this kind of trade becomes an integral part of globalization after the Second World War (Dinnie, 2015). The concept of protectionism was introduced during that time and the government was limited to this kind of trade so that they can save local traders like farmers and other businesses from competition externally. It contains various elements like import tariffs, subsidies, quotas, local enterprises and state level intervention until the till the time of liberalization has begun (Hung and Tseng, 2016). The report will discuss in detail about various global companies across different industries and their branding and supply chain strategy. The aim of the going global is the rise in interdependence of the whole world and the people from every part with issues for the people in rest of the world. It happens at the expense of local development and self-based interest. The concept of globalization becomes a worl d famous from early 90s and people mostly talk about economic development. In the present time, it is garnering more and more attention from many companies all across the world. Computer industry The company Acer has been changing to discuss the fact that how Acer has been looking at the international market that attempts to make its place between its current brands. There is split or change which is large in terms of geography and the company is constantly trying to push gateway in the countries like US and Far East of Europe. All these kind of geographical areas is based on firms that can be recognized with the help of six different kinds of customers which are also targeting its brand. These initiation with diverse tech based leaders whom it looks and more likely to be INQ based readers (Ferretti and Parmentola, 2015). They also understand as well as use the technology in an extensive manner with no money to spend on the kit. There is another kind of group as well which is less techie and more conscious about the price. The company has also been very focused on the laptop range which its things will conquer and further expect to be number one in coming time. The management has also claimed that just by becoming the top producer, the company can also become the worlds top producer in PC as well. The company Acer, has offered a cost-effective laptop for many years now and sometimes still must deal with an image issue in specific areas. The penetration is bad in the countries like US. To deal with this issue, the organization will have to buy up the methods like gateways to deal with the problems (Freidberg, 2017). In the current time, the president and CEO of the company is leading the complete charge to clearly deal with how the brand has been looking at the international market for the sake of PC and is also attempting to look up between diverse brands. The differentiation is mainly based on geography and it pushes away the Gateway in US and there is East, Packard Bell as well wherever and whenever it can. There are different geographical areas for the organization that has been recognized by six distinct types of consumers at which it targets the pr oduct. The basic start with diverse technology based leaders whom it may look like is based on INQ people. They gain clarity and usage of technology is also done in an extensive manner. With the changing times, the major focus has been on the trends which include the approach that works towards IBM operating and working over the operational systems. Here, the core CPU range with the shift in the demands for the software and the components is more than usual for the product lines. The outsourcing means that the company can easily work on reducing the costs like IBM and work on the increased activities for the customization, comparing the prices online and making the changes to the products. The trends are also relevant to take hold of the demand dynamics and the other structures, market and the distribution trends which will help in setting the new plans and the product directions. The globalization of the computer industry is motivated by the factors which is for reducing the costs and setting the ability to reach the globalization market. Through this, the standards are set to define the competitiveness in the industry and then focus on the core capabilities which will help in properly scaling the economy. Microsoft Over the years, Microsoft has tried a lot to properly extend the brand name of Window. Recently the company has come across as a loser. For instance, when a new operating system has been launched by the company for ultra-small computers, it has been named as Windows CE. The system was promoted heavily but it could never take off and the company lost an early stage of benefits what finally transformed the tablet market and has been dominated by Google and Apple (Sawhney et al., 2017). The company has also seen a lot of failure recently in Windows Live and is also part of collective name for about a lot of applications with web services and mobile services. Recently the company also announced and it is based on retiring the windows live brand. The concept of window live is based on the brand extension lacking the enthusiasm among the consumers about the product line of the company. The fundamental or basic mistake committed that company keep forming and the need to gain clarity. Its been a very long time since people are hearing about occasional praises of the product (Sawhney et al., 2017). In addition, it also looks like every time, when a new kind Window is released, the main crucial point for selling seems like Microsoft is trying to get it right. At this company, everyone is encouraged every day related to how the consumer will use the software to find creative based answers for many business issues with the growth of different breakthrough concepts and stay close to what is crucial for the team. The company runs the organization usually in the same manner with a belief that there are five diverse business based divisions that helps in offering the great level of potential to serve the consumers. There is Windows Live Division which consists of many Window based products associated with family and is also accounting for the relationship with PC producers as well as online developers of software and services with the help of Window Live. Then there is server and various tools based on services as well as solutions including operating system, SQL servers, Silverlight and many more (Matsuo, 2015). There is also an online service based division based on online advertising platforms which offers advertisers and publishers with many kinds of online information and channels. Globalizing the supply chain The supply chain activities in business are based on a chain of many functions which goes from product development to provide the finished product to the consumers. The company Kelloggs has followed a more socially responsible way at every level along with its supply chain. The company follows specific processes that are taken in the current supply chain management and these activities ensure that the product produced and made available in the present supply chain management system (Freidberg, 2017). These kinds of operations also ensure that product is well manufactured and made available to final customers. Following are the three sectors of supply chain followed by the company: - Primary sector: this is the part where the raw material is provided to the organization worldwide. Secondary sector: this is the part where the product is manufactured by using the raw material which is supplied as well as shipped to varied wholesalers and stores in well-structured warehouses. Tertiary sectors: this sector is used by the company in the secondary form which uses to optimize or gain advantage with varied business processes. There are different kinds of sectors as well as functions which are well coordinated since it works at one place throughout the supply chain system and include purchasing, quality based check along with sales, transportation and distribution procedures (Freidberg, 2017). It is also a crucial part of the strategy for any business to focus upon since it is easier to get raw material from best current sources and how different kind of raw material will be utilized to a producer (Chabowski et al., 2013). The company is involved in diverse kind of food items of business since it falls under the part of secondary sectors. It is also crucial for a company like Kelloggs to get the best possible material and ensure the product reaching the final customers is of standard quality. The company PepsiCo is primarily a food and beverage based company with annual revenue of sixty-three billion dollars and is best known for its soft drinks in carbonated form. The customer is now moving towards nutritious food preferences. The company uses five priorities based globally that can impact the supply chain which are building of brand, innovation, implementation, driving the cash returns and productivity. In connection to the innovation, the supply chain particularly based on three important drivers which are sustainability based on environment, advantages from technology as well as digitization the current value chain (Chalikias and Skordoulis, 2016). PepsiCo Inc. has maintained to have a strong base for collaboration since it is most crucial for the supply chain. For example, the organization has been an initiator in the growth of direct store delivery also called as DSD model. The overall concept of this model is based on removing the steps in warehouses while being part of the process of getting high amount of turnover with high volume like soft drinks or snacks in the market. The supplier of DSD usually free up the warehouse space for number of retailers and are also able to get better handle for the product sales as well as inventories (Chalikias and Skordoulis, 2016). At the time of working with many grocery stores based chain, the division is leased with retail floor and space for shelf from the grocer specifically. At the same time, Pepsi also took over the management of inventory for the products that exist within the stores. By properly managing the products in retail culture, the company was also able to properly leverage the sales with high margin product after properly maintaining the sales with fast moving however with low margin product in beverages (Chalikias and Skordoulis, 2016). At the same time, the company subsidiary namely PepsiAmericas Inc, based on producing bottle for Pepsi products has also adopted a strategy in pre-sell phase which is a kind of DSD where an owner of the brand must place the order right before the date of delivery. With the help of incorporating the technology of wireless, the company has accounted for sales managers that can take order on site and is also sometime upload a central based order along with routing system with the help of wireless connection (Robertson et al., 2016). Conclusion The report has discussed in detail about globalization provides an opportunity that more company is able to expand the business for competitive based market. People spend less in operating cost and manufacture a lot of products as well as services by using the resources for diversification (Nakamichi et al., 2016). It effectively decreases the main cause of the risk of organization and interest based on diverse cases. Also, deregulation is an integral part that helps in boosting the level of competition and maintains the level of free trade. Reference Chabowski, B.R., Samiee, S. and Hult, G.T.M., 2013. A bibliometric analysis of the global branding literature and a research agenda.Journal of International Business Studies,44(6), pp.622-634. Chalikias, M. and Skordoulis, M., 2016. Implementation of FW Lanchesters combat model in a supply chain in duopoly: the case of Coca-Cola and Pepsi in Greece.Operational Research, pp.1-9. Dinnie, K., 2015.Nation branding: Concepts, issues, practice. Routledge. Ferretti, M. and Parmentola, A., 2015. The Firm-Driven LISs. InThe Creation of Local InnovMicrosoftphers, pp.1-18. Hung, S.C. and Tseng, Y.C., 2016. Extending the LLL framework through an institution-based view: Acer as a dragon multinational.Asia Pacific Journal of Management, pp.1-23. Matsuo, H., 2015. Implications of the Tohoku earthquake for Toyota? s coordination mechanism: Supply chain disruption of automotive semiconductors.International Journal of Production Economics,161, pp.217-227. Nakamichi, K., Hanaoka, S. and Kawahara, Y., 2016. Estimation of cost and CO 2 emissions with a sustainable cross-border supply chain in the automobile industry: A case study of Thailand and neighboring countries.Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment,43, pp.158-168. Robertson, R.W., Parmenter, C. and Low, P., 2016. Theory and Practice of Corporate Social Responsibility.i-Manager's Journal on Management,10(4), p.1. Sawhney, M., Sawhney, M., Buenneke, B., Buenneke, B., Jackson, L., Jackson, L., Kulick, L., Kulick, L., Kulick, N., Kulick, N. and Norton, E., 2017. Microsoft Corp.: Branding and Positioning. NET.Kellogg School of Management Cases, pp.1-27.

Doll House By Ibsen Essays - A Dolls House, , Term Papers

Doll House By Ibsen Helmer is a successful bank lawyer in the drama "A Doll House" written by Henrik Ibsen. His wife's name is Nora. She is a housewife with three children and gets help raising them from her maid Helen. Nora and Helmer are both busy people within their lives. Little do they know that their marriage is not safe due to the fact that it is not given first priority in the lives they led. The action takes place in their home. Helmer is very protective when it comes to the family image that is portrayed to the public. This is because his career, as a lawyer, depends on it. He feels that he should have a perfect public image for the sake of his career and not his family, since that is what comes first in his life. This is seen when he discovers a letter from a bank that his wife, Nora, gets a loan from. He finds out that the loan was acquired illegally through forgery. She uses her father's signature. Helmer immediately strips her of all her rights to him as his wife and to the children as their mother. He does not ask for divorce since this will not be a good public image for his career, instead he asks her to have a separate room from his and limits her time with the children. Helmer is the rule maker of his house. He meticulously gives details on how he wants his house run. He has set time for everything, when the meals are prepared, when the children should go to sleep, when they should wake up, what to eat, when to check the mail etc. This is probably the reason why he is successful in his career. He is again putting his career as first priority and uses the principal that he applies to it in the family. Helmer has an office in the house of with he gives limited accesses to his wife, Nora. He treats her as if she was one of his children instead of "his wife". He entertains his official friends in the office in closed-door sessions and usually doesn't fill in his wife on his business. Career comes first for Hemler. The key to the mailbox is in the hands of Hemler. It looks like he does not take his wife as an equal by not giving her a spare key. He wants to be the first one to handle all the mail, scans the letters in the box and then distributes them to the appropriate people. His wife again is placed second to his business. Nora, Helmer's wife is also very protective when it comes how her husband views her. I see this when she hides the fact that she is having chocolate, which is forbidden in the household. She would rather let Dr. Rank, a family friend, know about the chocolate and not her husband. The doctor actually helps her to hide the package when Helmer walks into the living room. She also puts him in second place in her life. Nora also tells her friend Mrs. Linde about the money that she squeezes out of her house hold budget to pay for the loan she took from the bank. She does not tell her husband about the loan because she knows how he will react towards her and the issue. She protects herself instead of their relationship, putting their marriage in second place. The family friend doctor tells Nora how he has been in love with her for a long time. She reacts negatively letting Dr. Rank know that she will not tolerate his behavior. She keeps it from her husband since she wants to maintain an innocent view from him. The hiding of such issues from Helmer is first priority instead of her marriage. Nora is caught red-handed lying about the visit of Nis Krogstad, the banker. Nis is responsible for the Nora's loan. Helmer asks about the banker's visit and she denies the fact that he had come the their house. She is constantly lying just to save herself from changing her husbands view towards her. The blow to their marriage happens when Helmer discovers that his wife forged a bank document to get a loan. He gets angry and strips her of all her motherly and wife rights. Another letter shows up and clears them form the forgary He changes immediately and reinstats Nora back to her postion in their home. This clearly shows

Safeguarding Essay Example

Safeguarding Essay Example Safeguarding Essay Safeguarding Essay This could be because of mental or physical health issues. G. Neglect by others- This is a failure to meet a person care needs by another person. 2. Identify the signs and/or symptoms associated with each type of abuse (1. 1. ) Physical- Bruising thats odd shaped, burns, marks on the skins, broken bones, unexplained falls. Sexual- Anxiety, fear of contact, bleeding, infection in genital area, bursitiss , crying unexplained, withdrawal, torn clothes, self harming and neglect. Emotive/physical- Change in sleep Patten , nightmares, seeking behavior, self isolation, loss or gain weight, sadness, crying depression, low self esteem lack of self confidence. Financial- Unexplained bills to pay, over spending money not explain, no food in house, big withdrawals from the account, money missing pressure to change the ill. Institutional- rigid runtimes, lack of choice, cultural need religious needs not met, restrict to food,drink , having baths. Self neglect- Personal hygiene, not taking care of medical needs, not eating, misuse of drugs and alcohol. Neglect by others- Denial of care and rights, choices, with holding medication, falling to meet a persons needs i. E social, cultural needs not providing food and drink. Failure of duty of care. 3. Describe factors that may contribute to an individual being more vulnerable to abuse (1. 1. 3) Factors of contribute to the individual being more alienable to abuse are related to the individual and to there situation for expand ; they may depend on social support was stop this can leave the infinitival more vulnerable to abuse as may become insolate. If an individual was having communication problems like speech or hearing and all support was Stop because Of the career could make them isolated witch can make the situation be high stress level ,a lack of support given to care giver of if they have physical or mental health issues or staff shortages. 4. Explain the actions to take if there are suspicions that an individual is being abused (2. . 1) If you suspect someone is being abuse at your work place you should follow your policy and procedure. You need to report it to the team leader or manger or talk to someone you trust while maintain confidentiality. By doing this your be keeping the person safe. Maintain duty of care. Make sure you have all the facts and that they are right but if you are in any adult always report it to the manger. Follow up about the situation and that it has been recorded. Safety is everyone responsibility doing nothing is unsafe practice. 5. Explain the actions to take if an individual alleges that they are being bused (2. 2. 2) If an individual tessellates that they are being abuse you should follow procedure and take the person seriously. Take them some where safe and private. Keep them calm and try to look normal and not angry listen to them. Respect what they would like to do. Reassure them and give them your support make sure you let them know what they are area what your going to do to help them make sure you record and let them know there not to blame and erasure them. Try not to put them in anymore danger ask questions that leading you may have to ask that they may not like-Make urea you disuses the situation with the people who need to be informed. 6. Identify ways to ensure that evidence of abuse is preserved (2. 2. ) The Fri. part of duty of care will be to alleged victim take steps to pressure any evidence. Where a criminal offence may of took place-Do not move or remove anything or touch. Dont clean or tidy up or let anyone who not evolved in the area. When talking to the person recorded any visible signs such as bruising, torn clothing, signs Of distress. Handle anything with care try not to touch mach as it may be used as evidence keep the per son warm as they maybe In stock. . Identify national policies and local systems that relate to safeguarding and protection from abuse (3. 3. ) Policies -? Legal powers to intervene humans right at 1 998 Mental capacity act 2005 Safeguarding vulnerable group act 2006 Health and social care act 2008 Has act, regulation 2010, ICQ regulation 2009 8. Explain the roles of different agencies in safeguarding and protecting individuals from abuse (3. 3. 2) Local authority adult social care Services they receive safeguarding alerts make sure action is taken to keep persona. Give information and advice. Arrange meeting and case conference. Represented at police interviews. All agencies. E police, INS, Gasp, Medical services etc. They implement and work to the safeguarding adults policies and procedures. They ensure staff are aware of signs and symptoms on abuse and getting training on the safeguarding adult and policies and procedures. They ensure staff are aware are area of signs and symptoms of abuse and getting training on the safeguarding police reporting and recording procedures they also require by law CURB checked. Police are to investigate allegation of abuse gather evidence and protect people in situation. Medical services provide retirement if required understate an investigation or medical examination if required. . Identify reports into serious failures to protect individuals from abuse.

What did I do after i finished my high school Essay

What did I do after i finished my high school - Essay Example I arrived in the great country of America and the difficulties began immediately. I found that I could not communicate well because to language and cultural differences. For example, a month after I arrived in America I went to my friends party. My friend speaks my language and he speaks English too. I saw all the people talking about something I could not understand and it frustrated and concern me because I have been in the languages environment for one month and I still could not understand what they were talking about. I realized that learning a language would take hard work and dedication and that it would not be fast. I decided to begin studying English more seriously. I completed my English courses, and I took the IELTSÂ  test for the first time and I didn’t succeed. I worked some more on my understanding and on the second attempt I got the score that your university accepts. I worked hard to develop my language and I succeed. I applied to study in Mount Union University and am very glad I did. Life is difficult and not every person gets what he/she wishes, but we can do great things if we work hard and set high

Engineering Design Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Engineering Design Practice - Essay Example 1) As per the requirements of the Approved Document B it is must for the architect to plan and design a structure in a manner that it should comprises of ample necessities like early conflagration caution apparatuses and proper, secure and efficient evacuation passages. 2) To control the intensification of inferno in the interior of a structure it is necessary to utilize the material that can bear and defy the blazes distribution over it and in case it catches fire, there should be a sluggish rate of temperature release, reasonable as per situation 3) The indoors are ought to be constructed in a way that in case of fire it is supposed to be steady for the utmost period and it must defend against the fire dispersion among two buildings with an tolerable system for the smoke discharge 4) The outside walls and roof of construction must defend against the fire to reach over from a construction to any more having stared to operation, height and pose. The blueprint of structure must be well architected to ease fire-fighters in shielding lives A performance oriented process for structural inferno design is akin to the modus operandi of devious structures to wind masses and seismic effects. The role of a structural component will be definite and a set of objective tests will be prearranged that allocates the assessment of fire recital in relation to the key practical decisive factor on the other hand, Prescriptive method characterizes a structural conflagration design moderately accurate in requisites of the resources involved, contour and extent of structural rudiments, depth of fire safety materials and construction detail etc. The design proposals are mostly based on the practice with matching or analogous standard inferno tests. It is necessary to carry out more than one test for a specific perimeter in array to verify the results obtained from the previous test as in earlier investigations by experts it is revealed

Analysis of validity and reliability of intelligence assessments

Analysis of validity and reliability of intelligence assessments Measuring intelligence has always been a pragmatic thing to do (Wilhelm Engle, 2005). Most people find it hard to be rational in measuring their intelligence. As a common usage, intelligence is attested quantifiably by understanding the admissibility of a degree (Bartholomew, 2004) In other words, there can be no way that intelligence would be perfectly quantified. Only the nearness or the relative distance can be the mode of measuring ones intelligence. David Wechsler (Bartholomew, 2004) defines intelligence as the aggregate ability of an individual to have a rational thinking, a purposive act, and an effective dealing with his environment. Some writers however define intelligence negatively. That is, the doing away of tests. It is important to differentiate between intelligence quotient (IQ) and intelligence itself. IQ does not simply refer to the quantity of intelligence a person has, rather it refers to the relative standing of an individual with regard to his performance in an intelligence test as compared to others who took the same test (Zastrow Kirst-Ashman, 2007). When intelligence is measured in terms of a numerical result (i.e. I.Q. is 140), we cannot be sure that we are really talking about intelligence since there is a substitution of precision for vagueness (Govier, 2009). The original purpose of intelligence test was primarily to identify the least capable students that are finding it hard to learn from ordinary schooling (Kalat, 2010). However, it was later used to determine who among the students excel and during entrance examinations in universities. It is seemingly difficult if not impossible to devise a test that would truly measure the innate intelligence without being bias culturally. Innate ability cannot be measured if cultural bias exists (Young, 2006). Bias refers to the existence of nuisance factors that makes it difficult to compare the intelligence tests results across different cultural groups (Prifitera et al. 2008). There are three kinds of cultural biases in intelligence tests vis-a-viz construct bias, method bias, and differential item functioning (Lovler, Miller, McIntire, 2010). Construct bias occurs when there are different systems of meaning from culture to culture. For instance, a good daughter in a country might have a different characteristic in another country. Method bias occurs when the procedure of the test vary from different cultures such as when in a certain country, participants are used to input data electronically while in another country, participants are used to answering manually through paper s. Differential item functioning or item bias occurs when there is a great gap in the test scores of the participants in different cultures who have relatively the same abilities. For example, different regional groups might have different scores in a history test regarding their home country even if all of them are familiar with its history. In order to eliminate cultural biases in intelligence tests, culture-free tests became a demand. As the name imply this test attempt to eliminate cultural and educational differences (Haselbauer, 2006). The most common mediums used in this test are pictures or images which assess spatial capabilities of the participants such as visualization and perception. The validity of the tests is equally important as the reliability of the test. Validity is challenged when a participant in the test cannot communicate in the language used in the test (Rhodes, 2005). Critics of IQ tests argue that the differences in IQ scores are attributable to the orientation of the test makers such as their experiences, vocabulary and language, and lifestyles (Weiten, 2008). Construct-related validity refers to the extent which the test instrument can capture the details it is designed to measure (Sternberg, 2010). Methods To be able to determine the validity of intelligence tests particularly on the way it is constructed, this paper will investigate whether validity of tests vary between English speakers and non-English speakers. The kind of test that will be used is PSYGAT which focuses mainly on the verbal capability of the participant. This will be conducted after the participants have taken the Queendom test and Culture Fair IQ test. Participants will be composed of a total number of 337 from which 269 (79.8%) are females and 68 (20.2%) are males. The sex standard deviation for the participants with English-speaking backgrounds (ESB) will be 0.407 while those with non-English speaking background (NESB) will be 0.389. After getting the result of the test, it will be analyzed based on age. The age standard deviation for ESBs will be 7.514 while for NESBs it is 7.627. Ages range from 19-55 for ESBs and 19-62 for NESBs. Aim This study aims to determine if PSYGAT is internally reliable when a group of participants with English-speaking backgrounds and non-English speaking backgrounds are compared. An initial hypothesis for this study is that PSYGAT will be a reliable means of intelligence computation vis-a-viz significant convergent validity in the same way as the Queendom and Culture Fair IQ tests. However, between ESB and NESB, it is hypothesized that they will differ in terms of reliability and validity. Results Item Analysis Upon checking for internal consistency of data using Cronbachs alpha, it can be assessed that results were reliable, especially as most of the generated alpha were higher than 80 percent. The following are reliability statistics with their corresponding Cronbachs alpha  [1]  : Reliability of data for overall sample for all 55 questions Reliability Statistics Cronbachs Alpha .898 Reliability of data for overall sample for the 25 best discriminating questions Reliability Statistics Cronbachs Alpha .848 Reliability of the data for ESB group for the 25 best discriminating questions Reliability Statistics Cronbachs Alpha .851 Reliability of the ESB for all 55 questions Reliability Statistics Cronbachs Alpha .901 Reliability of the data for NESB group for the 25 best discriminating questions Reliability Statistics Cronbachs Alpha .841 Reliability of the NESB group for all 55 questions Reliability Statistics Cronbachs Alpha .889 Validity of PSYGAT In order to test the validity of PSYGAT, the correlation scores of the PSYGAT (total scores) on each of the Queendom tests were obtained using SPSS. Correlations (for all sample) Total Queendom Verbal Adjusted Total Pearson Correlation 1 .466** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 N 337 337 Queendom Verbal Adjusted Pearson Correlation .466** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 N 337 337 Queendom Culture Fair IQ Pearson Correlation .098 -.283** Sig. (2-tailed) .073 .000 N 337 337 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). Correlations for ESB Group Total Queendom Verbal Adjusted Total Pearson Correlation 1 .433** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 N 244 244 Queendom Verbal Adjusted Pearson Correlation .433** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 N 244 244 Queendom Culture Fair IQ Pearson Correlation .067 -.341** Sig. (2-tailed) .295 .000 N 244 244 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). Correlations for NESB group Total Queendom Verbal Adjusted Total Pearson Correlation 1 .567** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 N 93 93 Queendom Verbal Adjusted Pearson Correlation .567** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 N 93 93 Queendom Culture Fair IQ Pearson Correlation .238* .011 Sig. (2-tailed) .022 .918 N 93 93 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). *. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). Assessment of Differences between ESB and NESB groups in terms of reliability and validity By splitting the data according to its background (i.e., ESB and NESB group), the following correlations were obtained: Correlations English Queendom Culture Fair IQ english speakiing background Queendom Culture Fair IQ Pearson Correlation 1 Sig. (2-tailed) N 244 Queendom Verbal Adjusted Pearson Correlation -.341** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 N 244 non english speaking background Queendom Culture Fair IQ Pearson Correlation 1 Sig. (2-tailed) N 93 Queendom Verbal Adjusted Pearson Correlation .011 Sig. (2-tailed) .918 N 93 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). The observed z value will be obtained using the following formula: where: rESB= -0.341 NESB = 244 rNESB= 0.011 NNESB = 93 Transforming the correlation coefficient to their corresponding z values, zESB = -0.355 zNESB = 0.011 Using the values above, the following observed z value was obtained: Z = -2.96 To evaluate the observed z value, the obtained value must not be between -1.96 and +1.96 to conclude a statistical difference between the two correlation coefficients. From this, it can be assessed that there is a statistical difference between the 2 correlation coefficients, due to the fact that the observed z value does not fall between -1.96 and +1.96. Discussion and Conclusions Many researchers have argued that the measurement of intelligence through IQ tests is no doubt based on the culture to which the individual belongs to. In an attempt to assess the reliability and the construct validity of the PSYGAT a verbal assessment developed by Psychology students in 1998 344 Psychology students were tasked to complete three tests which comprises of two Queendom tests (verbal adjusted and culture fair test) and the PSYGAT. The results of the PSYGAT were then analysed for internal validity. Construst validity of PSYGAT was also examined by analyzing the test scores alongside the Queendom tests. The hypothesis that the PSYGAT test would show significant internal reliability and construct validity as it was analysed alongside the other two tests was supported. Significant correlations were also found in the results for Queendom Verbal Adjusted and the PSYGAT for English speaking background group. Upon computation of observed z values, it was also concluded that th ere were statistical differences between the ESB and NESB correlation coefficients. Thus, it can be further assessed that PSYGAT can be used validly for verbal intelligence assessments, although, further research is recommended for its use in culture fair factors. One limitation though of this study is the fact that participants were all university students, specifically Psychology students. Perhaps, there is a need for further research that will involve a much diverse population, considering that participants in this study can be considered as well-educated. Despite their non-English speaking background, it can also be assumed that perhaps are also well-versed in the English language. Another limitation is also the fact that the tests used the English language as the first language in the assessments. Such factor may pose limitations for specific ethnic groups whose first language is not English. It can be considered that future researches be conducted that will be more culture sensitive and be conducted using the first language of the specific ethnic group. References Bartholomew, D. J. (2004). Measuring intelligence: facts and fallacies: Cambridge University Press Govier, T. (2009). A practical study of argument (7th ed.): Cengage Learning. Haselbauer, N. (2006). The everything test your IQ book: discover your true intelligence: Everything Books. Kalat, J. W. (2010). Introduction to psychology (9th ed.): Cengage Learning. Lovler, R. L., Miller, L. A., McIntire, S. A. (2010). Foundations of psychological testing: a practical approach (3rd ed.): SAGE. Prifitera, A., Saklofske, D. H., Weiss, L. G. (2008). WISC-IV clinical assessment and intervention: practical resources for the mental health professional (2nd ed.): Elsevier. Rhodes, R. L., Ochoa, S. H. Ortiz, S. O. (2005). Assessing culturally and linguistically diverse students: a practical guide: Guilford Press. Weiten, W. (2008). Psychology: Themes and variations (8th ed.): Cengage Learning. Wilhelm, O. Engle, R. W. (2005). Handbook of understanding and measuring intelligence: SAGE. Young, E. M. (2010). Dealing with the cultural bias in intelligence testing: culture free and culture fair iq tests. Retrieved 29 April 2011 from: . Zastrow, C Kirst-Ashman, K. K. (2007). Understanding human behavior and the social environment (7th ed.): Cengage Learning.

Research Concepts Summary

The group moves through 4 stages: Planning Acting Observing reflecting This research is popular among: Organizational management Community development Education Agriculture Ethnography is another type of research, the emphasis is on describing and interpreting cultural behavior. The researchers participate in group activities while observing their behavior, taking notes and conducting interviews etc. It may also be called ‘Fieldwork or ‘Participant observation' Feminist research is yet another type of research.There was an argument of whether this was a methodology (general principle which will guide your research) r an Epistemology (study of nature of knowledge and Justification, it looks where the knowledge came from and how we know what we know). But it can be both. Feminist research is about the fact that mostly male people are used for research and when a research is called objective and scientific truth when only used male participants, that's not right. It's emphas is is on participative, qualitative inquiry. Feminist research has provided a framework for researchers who do not want to treat people as research objects.Grounded theory: The emphasis in this methodology is on the generation of theory which is grounded n the data – this means that it has emerged from the data. Grounded theory is therefore flexible and enables new issues to emerge that the researcher may not have thought about previously. Triangulation: Combining qualitative and quantitative research. Unstructured interviews: As less questions as possible Participant free to talk about what he/she demands only for qualitative research Semi-structured interviews: researcher wants to know specific information which can be compared.Same questions have to be asked but the researcher can be flexible There is a need of an interview schedule Qualitative social research Structured interviews: Asks a series of questions and ticks boxes Used in quantitative research Focus Groups may a lso be called discussion groups or group interviews. The discussion is led by a moderator or facilitator who introduces the topic, asks specific questions, controls digressions and stops break-away conversations. She makes sure no one dominates the group and everyone contributes.Focus groups Advantages Disadvantages Can receive a wide range of responses during one meeting. Some people may be uncomfortable in a group setting and nervous about speaking in front of others. Participants can ask questions of each other, lessoning impact of researcher bias. Not everyone may contribute. Helps people to remember issues they might otherwise have forgotten Other people may contaminate an individual's views. Helps participants to overcome inhibitions, especially if they Some researchers may find it difficult or intimidating to moderate a focus group.The group effect is a useful resource in data analysis. Venues and equipment can be expensive. Participant interaction is useful to analyses Diffi cult to extract individual views during the analysis. 3 types of Questionnaires: . Closed-ended questionnaires This type of questionnaire is used to generate statistics. They follow a set format, and most of them can be imported into a program to generate it's data. 2. Open-ended questionnaires Are used in qualitative research, although some researchers will quantify the answers during the analysis stage.This will not only be box ticking but there will also be space for the participant to fill in their own answers. This kind of questionnaire might also focus on what people think about a certain thing which make it more difficult to analyses the data. 3. Combination of both Many researchers use this combination to get either qualitative and quantitative data. Market research and online poll companies pay their participants money to fill in their questionnaire which makes the participants loyal followers and receive data earlier because they can work with deadlines.However, in this re search participants are self-selecting, they do this on a voluntary basis and maybe they only do it for the money. There are 2 ways researchers observe: Participant observation â€Å"they participate in the group they're observing† Direct observation â€Å"Just look at the people you're observing, mostly used in psychology' search Overt: Overt participant observation, where everyone knows who's the researcher and what she's doing. Chapter 4 Secondary research: collection of information from studies that other researchers have made of a subject.Primary research: Research you conduct yourself Primary research Secondary research Relevant people Research books Researcher observation Research reports Researcher experience Journal articles Historical records/texts Articles reproduced online Company/organization records Scientific debates Personal documents (diaries) Critiques of literary works Statistical data Critiques of art Works of literature Analyses of historical events Work s of art Film/ video Laboratory experiments Summary There are two types of background research – primary and secondary research.Primary research involves the study of a subject through first hand observation and investigation. Secondary research involves the collection of information from studies quickest way to access secondary sources are libraries or the internet. Any information obtained from secondary sources must be carefully assessed for its relevance and accuracy. Notes from primary and secondary sources should be ruefully filed and labeled so that the source can be found again, if required. When noting details for books, reports or articles which may appear in the final report, include all the details which would be needed for the bibliography.Chapter 5 2 different ways of sampling: Purposive sampling: Snowball sample: Ask one person for more names who are likely to help. Quota sample: to make sure all the groups in a community are represented. Theoretical sampling: Using this method the emerging theory helps the researcher to choose the sample a convenience sample: The researcher is a teacher himself and decides to interview colleagues, as he has limited time and resources available to him. Cluster sample: a random cluster of e. G. Schools in a geographic area is chosen to convey research Random sample: Randomly generate. Quasi-random sample or systematic sample: Using this method he chooses a random point on the list and then every third pupil is selected stratified random sample: Using this method the researcher stratifies his sample by subject area and then chooses a random sample of pupils from each subject area. Disproportionate stratified sample: increase the sample size of the science pupils to make sure that his ATA are meaningful If it is not possible to contact everyone in the research population, researchers select a number of people to contact. This is called sampling.There are two main types of sampling category – probabili ty samples and purposive samples. In probability samples, all people within the research population have a specifiable chance of being selected Only within random samples do participants have an equal chance of being selected Purposive samples are used if generalization is not the point The size of sample will depend upon the type and purpose of the research Sample sizes should take into count issues of non-response Remember that with postal surveys it might be difficult to control and know who has filled in the questionnaire.Will this affect your sample? In some purposive samples it is difficult to specify at the sampling techniques within one project which may help to overcome some of the disadvantages found within different procedures. Chapter 6 The content of a proposal: 1. Title Should be short and explanatory 2. Background Why are you undertaking the project? Why is the research needed? You need to show that you know what you're talking about. 3. Aims and objectivesThe aim is the overall driving force of the research and the objectives are the means by which you intend to achieve the aims. These must be clear and succinct. Why have you decided upon your methodology? Why have you decided to chose those particular methods? Why are other methods not appropriate? This section needs to include details about samples, numbers of people to be contacted, method of data collection, methods of data analyses and ethical considerations. . Timetable A detailed timetable scheduling all aspects of the research should be produced. 6. Budget and resources If you're applying to a funding body you need to think about what you will need for your research and how much this is likely to cost. 7. Dissemination What do you expect to do with the results of your research? How are you going to let people know about what you have found out?Reasons good proposal Reasons why proposals fail Relevance, either to the work of the funding body or to the student's course Aims and objectives are unclear of vague The research is unique, or offers new insight or development There is a mismatch between the approach being adopted and the issues to be addressed The title, aims ND objectives are all clear and succinct The overall plan is too ambitious and difficult to achieve in the timescale Comprehensive and thorough background research and literature review has been undertaken The researcher does not seem to have conducted enough in-depth background research There is a good match between the issues to be addressed and the approach being adopted Problem is of insufficient importance The researcher demonstrates relevant background knowledge and/or experience Information about the data collection method is insufficiently detailed Timetable, sources and budget have all been worked out thoroughly, with most eventualities covered Information about the data analysis method is insufficiently detailed Useful policy and practice implications Timescale is inappropriate or unrealisti c Resources and budget have not been carefully thought out This topic has been done too many times before – indicates a lack of background research Most research projects will require the production of research proposal which sets out clearly and succinctly you proposed project. Before you write your proposal, check whether you need to produce it in a specific formatThe standard research proposal should include the following: – title – background (including literature search) – aims and objectives – methodology/methods – timetable – budget and resources – dissemination. Research proposals stand a better chance of being accepted if you're able to prove that you have the required knowledge and/or experience to carry out the research effectively. It is important to make sure that your proposed methods will address the problem you have identified and that you are able to display an understanding of these methods. Chapter 7 For most types of interview you need to construct an interview schedule. For structured interviews you will need to construct a list of questions which is asked in the same order and format to each participant.For semi-structured interviews the schedule may be in the form of a list of questions or a list of topics. However, a list of topics tends to offer more flexibility, especially in unstructured interviews where the interviewee is left to discuss issues she deems to be important. By ticking off each topic from your list as it is discussed, you can ensure that all topics have been covered. An interviewer has to establish rapport before a participant will share personal information with him/her, there are a number of ways to do this: Treat interviewees with respect Think about your appearance Think about body language Firm eye contact Don't invade their space That's interesting; can you explain that in more detail?I'm not quite sure I understand. You were saying? Can you elaborate a littl e more? Could you clarify that? Could you expand upon that a little? When you say ‘ . ‘, what do you mean? Practice with the recording equipment before the interview takes place. It might be useful to conduct some pilot interviews so that you can become familiar with the recording equipment. Develop an interview schedule, starting with general, non- personal issues. Check the recording equipment works and make sure you have enough tapes, disks, memory and/or batteries, paper, pens etc. Check that you have a suitable venue in which to carry out the interview, free from noise and interruptions.Make sure you know how to get the interview and arrive in good time. Dress and behave appropriately Establish report Negotiate a length of time for the interview and stick to it, unless the interviewee is happy to continue. Ask open questions, listen to responses and probe where necessary. Keep questions short and to the point. Avoid Jargon, double-barreled questions and leading ques tions Listen carefully and acknowledge that you are listening Check recording equipment is working without drawing attention to it Repeat and summaries answers to aid clarity and understanding Achieve closure, thank them and leave a contact number in case they wish to get in touch with you about anything that has arisen.Respect their confidentiality – do not pass on what has been said to third parties unless you have requested permission to do so Chapter 8 Asking questions Easy to ask questions should be asked first in focus groups, personal disclosure is costly in the ending phase of an interview/ or such like it. Make sure that no one person dominates the discussion as this will influence your data. Seeking responses You have to use your discretion about how much you do this as there might be occasions when somebody is unwilling or too nervous to contribute. Often, some of the most useful and pertinent information is given once the ‘official' time is over. Also, you w ill find that people talk to you on an individual basis after the group has finished, especially those who might have been nervous contributing in a group setting.

Pottery in the Philippines Essay

I. INTRODUCTION Pottery is defined as the art or craft of a potter to manufacture material from which pottery ware is made. It can be made from earthenware, porcelain or stoneware. According to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), pottery is defined as all fired ceramic wares that contain clay materials. Pottery uses clay and may sometimes be mixed with other materials to form the clay body. Clay bodies differ in physical stages during the making of pottery. Earthenware, an example, is made of clay produced in a swampy area or in open fields near riverbanks. The process of pottery involves forming or shaping a clay body into your desired shape. It is then heated to high temperatures in a kiln that removes excess water thereby hardening the clay and setting it to a permanent shape. For aesthetic purposes, the clay body may be decorated before or after the firing process. Kneading the clay body is an important step prior to shaping the clay. It ensures an even distribution of moistur e content and removes the air bubbles trapped within the clay body. Pottery is found in almost all archaeological sites. In fact, pottery has provided archaeologists with information about the past, mainly about trade and technology. II. SCOPE AND LIMITATION The focus of this paper will be pottery and its evolution through time. The paper will be limited to Philippine pottery only. III. EMERGENCE OF THE FIRST POTTERY The emergence of pottery in the Philippines indicates the complexity of cultural development during the Neolithic Period. Like the rest of the early people in other parts of the world, the early man and woman in the Philippines were also highly dependent on nature. Nature provided them with the basic necessities needed for survival. In earlier times, vessels such as leaves and tree barks were used in gathering food. Not long after, the early people learned to cook using the vessels. According to Valdes (Pang-alay),  humans discovered the properties of clay and how it hardens when tempered with sand and fire. IV. ANCIENT RITUALS IN POTTERY Before the Spaniards set foot in the Philippines and spread Christianity, the early Filipinos were pagan worshippers. Paganism refers to indigenous religious traditions wherein people worshipped animals and deities. The discovery of pottery led them to fashion effigies called tao-tao by the Visayans and likha or larawan by the Tagalogs. In paganism, they offer special offerings of fruits and perfumes to appease the spirits they worship. It was believed that refusing to offer special presents to the spirits would anger them and bring illness and misfortune. The offerings were placed in earthenware pottery and offered in the fields for the spirits. The early Filipinos also believed in life after death. For this reason, they took special care of the dead and gave â€Å"pabaon† for their journey in the afterlife. The bereaved brought food contained in clay vessels or palayok as offerings (Fox, 1959). The clay pots that were used as ritual vessels were the same pots used in their daily life. As time passed, the designs of the vessels became finer and more intricate. V. GOLDEN AGE OF POTTERY IN THE PHILIPPINES The Golden Age of Philippine pottery was ascertained to be during the period when the use of metals flourished, about 2000 years B.C., but some of the earliest pottery discovered dated further back in the Neolithic Age when the development of horticulture and animal domestication dominated. There is little of Philippine Neolithic pottery left extant as stated by Jesus T. Peralta in his work, â€Å"Pottery and Ceramics Excavated in the Philippines†. Some potteries excavated in sites widely spread in the Philippines indicate original designs and attempts for aesthetic designs in their construction. During this time, pottery was made to suit ones need whether for household or burial needs. VI. POTTERY IN THE METAL AGE The start of the Metal Age marked the development of pottery technology estimated to be between 500 B.C.E. and 900 C.E. Specific typologies of pottery surfaced. Larger pieces of burial jars were said to have appeared during this age. Evidences of pottery with elaborate and intricate designs on their vessels that were prominent during this age were unearthed in Palawan. Apart from Palawan, the same markers were also found in Masbate, known as the Kalanay Complex site. The excavation was lead by Dr. Wilhelm Solheim II in the 1950s where they found earthenware pottery.Evidences of pottery dating back to the Metal Age were found in archaeological sites in Cebu by archaeologists from the University of San Carlos and the National Museum in the summer of 2011. VI. POTTERY AS USED FOR BURIALS Filipinos, in the past and in the present, heavily believe in the afterlife. Giving respect to the dead has been a custom from way back. Since Filipinos in the past believe in â€Å"pabaon†, the ceramic potteries they acquire from trading with other countries like China are buried together with their deceased loved ones. The ceramics were treated as valuables rather that for utilitarian purposes. Burial jars unearthed in the Philippines were dated back to the Neolithic Period. Anthropomorphism had become a dominant design. It is the personification or attribution of human characteristics to inanimate object, in this case, jars or pottery. These jars, made of earthenware, are designed like human figures complete with facial characteristics. The Mannunggul jar, Maitum Anthopomorphic potteries, and Leta-leta potteries from Palawan have greatly contributed to the understanding of burial customs during the early times. VII. INFLUENCE FROM OUTSIDE Evidences of contacts with Mainland and the rest of South East Asia were evident in trade and cultural exchanges. The production of domestic pottery became competitive increasing the pressure on the international market in  the South Seas (Peralta). Pottery trades with China were most evident. Traditional ceramics are composed of clay minerals (i.e. porcelain), as well as cement and glass. Ceramic artifacts have been useful in archaeology for understanding culture, technology and behavior of people in the past since they are among the most common artifacts to be found. Sherd is a term referred to small fragments of broken pottery. During the Pre-Christian era, highly-fired ceramic wares were evident in China. Ceramic technology in the mainland was very advanced and kaolin, very fine clay that can be fired to high temperatures, was the contributory factor. Kilns in China became known for their ability to produce temperatures well-above 1300 °. Ceramics from China were deemed to be of superior quality and thus were preferred over low-fired ceramics from other lands. H. Otley Beyer mentioned the recovery of three-colored ceramic shards from Tang Dynasty in the Philippines that verified the early trade networks of the early Filipinos with Mainland Asia. According to text, the discovered shards were systematically excavated from sites giving way to a large drawback on the presence of Tang Dynasty ceramics. However, in the 1980s, a site in Laurel near the edge of Taal Lake in Batangas was excavated and shards of of polychrome glazed jars were recovered. Polychrome glaze, obtained by using coloring agents such as copper, iron, manganese, and cobalt, was a product of Tang Dynasty. VIII. PHILIPPINE POTTERY AT PRESENT With the development of technology, modern ways on how to do pottery have been developed. Pottery equipment machines have been invented to make pottery for industrial purposes. Nevertheless, the art of pottery still struggles to live and strives to remain as a priceless piece of folk art. In places across the country, the art of making pottery in the primordial way still lives on. In the province of Antique, potters of Barangay Bari in Sibalom still adapt the traditional process of pottery. The potters, known  as â€Å"manugdihon kang kuron†, have been famous for making good quality and durable pottery. Likewise, in an area in Vigan, Ilocos Sur known as Pagburnayan, traditional pottery methods are also practiced by workers. Pottery is one of the most primordial arts that helped developed our culture. Preserving the traditional way of making pottery and keeping artifacts intact will also help in preserving Philippine tradition and culture that will benefit the future generations. REFERENCES Fox, Robert B., â€Å"The Calatagan Excavations: two 15th Century Burial Sites in Batangas, Philippines†, Philippine Studies, Vol. 7, Manila, Philippines; 1959 Valdes, Cynthia O.,â€Å"Pang-alay: Ritual Pottery in Ancient Philippines†, Makati City; 2003 Orton, Clive; Tyers, Paul and Vince, Alan, Pottery inArchaeology, Cambridge manuals in Archaeology; 1993 Ronquillo, Wilfredo P., Philippine Earthenware Pottery: An Overview â€Å"Pottery dating back to the Metal Age found in Cebu town†, Cebu Daily News; 05April2011 Callister, William D. and Rethwisch, David G., Materials Science and Engineering, 8th Edition, John Wiley & Sons; 2011 Eusebio Zamora Dizon, â€Å"An Iron Age in the Philippines? A critical examination† (January 1, 1988). Solheim, Wilhelm II G., â€Å"Further Notes on the Kalanay Pottery Complex in the Philippine Islands† Peralta, Jesus T. and De Santos, Arturo, Kayamanan: Pottery and Ceramics from the Arturo de Santos Collection, Central Bank of the Philippines; 1908 Magbanua, Richard. Traditional Pottery Making in Antique Philippines.

No Love Lost Essay - 1218 Words

For a play about marriage A Doll’s House does not have much love in it. All of the characters claim to love each other, but are really concealing other emotions. The expectations of society have forced them into love that they do not feel. This false love is what causes them to fall apart in the end. The play is riddled with marriages that are born out of convenience or expectation rather than love. Every character only loves in ways that they are expected to, and only continue to love for convenience’s sake. There is no love in A Doll’s House. Torvald treats Nora as a child, not an equal; he is not really in love with her. The most glaring examples of this are his pet names for her. He likes to think of her as a small, delicate†¦show more content†¦He did it for his own benefit. Despite her claims to the contrary, Nora never loved Torvald. Nora does often say that she loves Torvald, or at least that she used to love him. However he attitude toward him seems downright spiteful to him. For instance, she eats macaroons because he has forbidden them. She does not tell him about borrowing the money, because she is saving this important fact for when â€Å"Torvalds stopped being so fond of me†¦ then it might be a good idea to have something up my sleeve†(19). She does not save him for love as she claims; it is so that she could have something over him so that when she becomes older and uglier he will have some reason to respect her. This is not an appropriate way to display love. Saving his life is not the action of a dutiful wife, but those of a spiteful and clingy person. Even though the action seemed like it was done out of fear of being alone, when she is asked why she borrowed the money she does not say that it was to save her husband, but to sav e her â€Å"beautiful, happy home†(19). She does not save Torvald, she saves her lifestyle. She is married to Torvald so that she can have this comfortable lifestyle, not because she loves him. 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